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Understanding FND
What is Functional Neurological Disorder, what does it feel like, and what helps during flare-ups.
What is Functional Neurological Disorder (FND)?
FND is a condition that affects how the brain and body send and receive signals.
It can cause very real and often life-changing symptoms, even though there is no structural damage to the brain. Instead, the nervous system is not functioning as it should. It is often described as a software issue rather than a hardware problem.
Common Symptoms of FND
FND can affect the whole body and symptoms can vary from person to person.
Movement symptoms
Seizures, including non-epileptic seizures
Weakness or paralysis
Tremors or shaking
Muscle spasms
Difficulty walking or balance issues
Sensory symptoms
Numbness or tingling
Burning or unusual sensations
Sensitivity to light or sound
Phantom smells
Visual disturbances
Movement symptoms
Seizures, including non-epileptic seizures
Weakness or paralysis
Tremors or shaking
Muscle spasms
Difficulty walking or balance issues
Sensory symptoms
Numbness or tingling
Burning or unusual sensations
Sensitivity to light or sound
Phantom smells
Visual disturbances
Other experiences people may report
Speech difficulties
Swallowing issues
Emotional overwhelm
Flare-ups triggered by stress, fatigue or sensory overload
What Does FND Feel Like?
FND is often unpredictable.
You may feel okay one moment and the next your body is not responding the way you expect. This loss of control can feel frightening, confusing and exhausting.
For many people, it is not just the symptoms but the uncertainty that comes with them.
Important Things to Know
FND symptoms are real
It is not all in your head
It is a neurological condition
It can affect the whole body
Everyone’s experience is different
You are not alone
Flare-Ups and What Helps
Flare-ups are a common part of living with FND.
They can be triggered by fatigue, stress or emotional overwhelm, sensory overload, physical exertion, illness or lack of rest.
How to Support Yourself During a Flare-Up
There is no single approach that works for everyone, but the following may help:
Reduce stimulation
Find a calm and quiet space. Lower lighting and reduce noise where possible.
Focus on your breathing
Slow, steady breathing can help calm the nervous system. For example, breathing in for four seconds and out for six.
Allow your body to rest
Avoid pushing through symptoms. Give your body time to settle.
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Ground yourself
Focus on your surroundings. Touch something familiar. Notice what you can see or feel.
Stay hydrated and nourished
Small sips of water or light snacks can help.
Be kind to yourself
Flare-ups are not your fault. Your body is responding, not failing.
How Others Can Help During a Flare-Up
If you are supporting someone with FND:
Stay calm and reassuring
Avoid overwhelming them with too many questions
Give them space if needed
Help reduce noise and stimulation
Remind them they are safe
Listen without judgement
Sometimes the most helpful thing is simply being present.
Living With FND
Living with FND involves learning how your body responds, adjusting your pace and finding what works for you.
There will be difficult days and there will be better days. Both are part of the process.
Understanding FND is an important step in reducing stigma.
Open conversations, shared experiences and supportive communities help people feel understood and less alone.
You are not alone.